分散的雌性网络:雌性大猩猩的群体间关系影响了分散决策
Victoire Martignac1, Winnie Eckardt2, Jean Pierre S Mucyo2
1Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|August 5, 2025
概括
雌性山地大猩猩在分散时使用社会信息. 他们避免与出生男性的群体,但更喜欢与熟悉的女性的群体,优先考虑关系,减少近亲繁殖的风险.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物的行为
- 社会进化的社会演变.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 分散对动物社会至关重要,影响基因流动和健康.
- 在动物,特别是灵长类动物中,在分散过程中信息使用的理解很差.
- 山地大猩猩表现出灵活的分散模式,雌性大猩猩通常会多次分散.
研究的目的:
- 调查山地大猩猩在做出分散决策时使用的社会信息.
- 为了确定是否熟悉其他群体中的个人影响女性的分散选择.
- 了解社会关系在减轻分散成本和风险方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 分析了20年来对56只雌性山地大猩猩的152个分散的观测数据.
- 检查女性与潜在接收群体中的个体的熟悉程度及其分散选择之间的关系.
- 基于出生或以前居住的群体中熟悉的男性和女性的存在,对群体的偏好或回避的统计评估.
主要成果:
- 雌性大猩猩积极避开包含自己出生组中的雄性群体.
- 女人更喜欢那些包括她们以前生活过的女性在内的群体,特别是来自她们出生组的女性.
- 这些偏好表明一种策略,以保持社会纽带,并减少在分散期间的同胞繁殖风险.
结论:
- 雌性山地大猩猩战略性地使用社会信息,优先考虑现有的雌性关系,避免亲属,以减少分散成本和内生危险.
- 长期的群体间关系可以作为信息和支持在分散期间的重要来源.
- 这些发现增强了对临灭绝的猿人种群动态的理解,并为灵活社会的社会基础提供了洞察力.
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