在中国的老年人中,利用社区护理服务的机会不平等 - - 基于"环境-努力"视角的分析
1School of Laws and Public Adiministration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
BMC health services research
|August 5, 2025
概括
这项研究揭示了中国老年社区护理服务的重大机会不平等,特别是在日常援助方面. 环境因素和个人努力塑造了这些差异,影响了像残疾人这样的弱势群体.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 机会不平等框架,如"环境-努力"模型,对于理解服务获取方面的差异至关重要.
- 基于社区的护理服务对于老年人口的福祉至关重要.
- 对老年护理的机会不平等的实证测量对于有针对性的政策干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 实证地衡量中国老年人利用社区护理服务的机会不平等.
- 确定各种影响不平等的因素对这种不平等的贡献和传播途径.
- 分析不同的人口和健康群体之间不平等的异质性.
主要方法:
- 利用了2020年中国纵向老龄化社会调查 (CLASS) 的微数据.
- 使用前期参数估计方法来衡量机会不平等.
- 应用了沙普利分解方法来分析因子贡献和传播途径.
主要成果:
- 机会不平等水平在服务类型之间有所不同 (总体为0.168-0.662,日常援助为0.503-0.944),对总不平等 (25.37%-53.28%) 产生了重大影响.
- 环境因素 (区域发展,设施,经济地位,子女规范) 通过努力变量 (就业,健康行为,社会活动) 影响了不平等.
- 在年龄,性别,城乡地位和健康方面观察到不平等的显著异质性,残疾老年人面临最严重的差异.
结论:
- 在中国的老年社区护理服务中存在巨大的机会不平等,日常援助受到影响最大.
- 解决不平等问题需要采取多方面的方法,包括加强机会平等原则和改善环境因素.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施,以加强个人努力,并确保精确的服务匹配,以实现公平的老年护理发展,特别是对于像残疾人这样的弱势群体.
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