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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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从固体到液体的压电材料.

Minakshi Gill1, Marcell Tibor Máthé2, Péter Salamon2

  • 1Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA. ajakli@kent.edu.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

压电,机械应力和电极化的合,已经从晶体演变为新型液体压电材料. 本综述探讨了铁电阴性液晶中的直接和反向压电效应,强调了它们的流体性质和未来潜力.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
  • 流体动力学 流体动力学

背景情况:

  • 压电,通过机械应力产生电极化的过程,是在铁电晶体中发现的.
  • 该现象是由机械应力和电极化之间的线性合定义的,包括直接和反向效应.
  • 在缺乏逆对称性的各种材料中观察到类似的效应,包括聚合物和生物材料.

研究的目的:

  • 为了回顾压电的历史演变.
  • 探索液体压电在铁电性阴性液晶 (NF) 材料中的出现.
  • 分析NF材料中的直接和反向压电测量,并讨论未来的应用.

主要方法:

  • 压电研究的历史回顾.
  • 在奇拉液晶和NF材料中分析机电效应.
  • 在NF材料中直接和反向压电测量的总结和分析.

主要成果:

  • 压电已经从固态现象演变为包括NF材料中的液态压电.
  • 尽管NF材料是三维流体,但它们表现出直接和反向的压电效应.
  • 在NF材料中,稳定应力是由表面张力维持的,与某些晶体材料不同.

结论:

  • 在NF材料中的液体压电代表了压电概念的显著演变.
  • 需要对NF材料进行进一步的研究,以克服挑战并释放潜在的应用.
  • 液体压电的研究为材料科学和电机械设备开辟了新的途径.