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从固体到液体的压电材料

Minakshi Gill¹, Marcell Tibor Máthé², Péter Salamon²

¹Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA. ajakli@kent.edu.

Materials horizons

|August 6, 2025

概括

压电,机械应力和电极化的合,已经从晶体演变为新型液体压电材料. 本综述探讨了铁电阴性液晶中的直接和反向压电效应,强调了它们的流体性质和未来潜力.

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
凝聚物质物理学凝聚物质物理学
流体动力学流体动力学

背景情况:

压电,通过机械应力产生电极化的过程,是在铁电晶体中发现的.
该现象是由机械应力和电极化之间的线性合定义的,包括直接和反向效应.
在缺乏逆对称性的各种材料中观察到类似的效应,包括聚合物和生物材料.

研究的目的:

为了回顾压电的历史演变.
探索液体压电在铁电性阴性液晶 (NF) 材料中的出现.
分析NF材料中的直接和反向压电测量,并讨论未来的应用.

主要方法:

压电研究的历史回顾.
在奇拉液晶和NF材料中分析机电效应.
在NF材料中直接和反向压电测量的总结和分析.

主要成果:

压电已经从固态现象演变为包括NF材料中的液态压电.
尽管NF材料是三维流体,但它们表现出直接和反向的压电效应.
在NF材料中,稳定应力是由表面张力维持的,与某些晶体材料不同.

结论:

在NF材料中的液体压电代表了压电概念的显著演变.
需要对NF材料进行进一步的研究,以克服挑战并释放潜在的应用.
液体压电的研究为材料科学和电机械设备开辟了新的途径.

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