肺癌的环境风险因素,保护因素和生活方式:一个综合性审查
Minghao Feng1, Feng Wang2, Minwei Bao3
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in public health
|August 6, 2025
概括
这一综合性审查发现了令人信服的证据,表明,柴油废气和职业涂料暴露与肺癌风险增加有关. 生活方式因素,如暴露,也显示出强烈的关联,强调需要进行干预.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一.
- 环境暴露和生活方式是导致肺癌发展的重要因素.
- 了解这些风险因素对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分类与肺癌风险相关的环境和生活方式因素的证据强度.
- 提供关于肺癌病因学的当前研究的全面概述.
- 为了告知公共卫生政策和个人行为修改.
主要方法:
- 系统搜索已发表的元分析,截至2025年1月31日.
- 包括报告风险比率 (RR),几率比率 (OR) 或标准化死亡率 (SMR) 的元分析.
- 使用统计学意义,异质性,小研究效应和过度意义偏差来评估证据可信度,分为四类.
主要成果:
- 有令人信服的证据 (I类) 将暴露 (RR=1.24),柴油废气 (RR=1.16) 和职业涂料暴露 (OR=1.40) 与肺癌联系起来.
- 对15个环境因素 (例如二手烟,) 和生活方式因素 (包括暴露 (OR=1.21),高饮食胆固醇 (OR=1.40) 和西方饮食 (RR=1.29) 发现了高度暗示性证据 (II类).
- 在地中海饮食 (RR=0.87) 和谨慎饮食模式 (RR=0.80) 中发现了保护性关联.
结论:
- 多种环境和生活方式因素表明与肺癌有强烈或暗示的关联.
- 研究结果支持加强环境法规,工作场所安全措施和生活方式干预措施.
- 未来的研究应侧重于基于生物标志物的暴露评估和长期队列研究,以完善风险估计和预防策略.
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