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相关概念视频

Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

118
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
118
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

101
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

221
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

139
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
139
Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

Responses to Drought and Flooding

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Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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由于景观变化和人类干预,中国全国的河流流量下降.

Kaiwen Wang1, Xiaomang Liu1, Peng Cui2,3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

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概括

中国中国中国中国.

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Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events
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Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
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科学领域:

  • 水文学的水文学
  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 气候科学 气候科学

背景情况:

  • 中国的河流至关重要,支持全球20%的人口和大量的工业和农业产出.
  • 全国范围的流量变化及其驱动因素由于数据访问和归因挑战,人们对其了解甚少.
  • 了解这些变化对于水资源管理和生态稳定至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在过去的六十年中,对中国的河流变化进行全面的国家评估.
  • 识别和归因观察到的河流流动趋势的主要驱动因素,包括气候,土地利用和人类干预.
  • 为水资源管理者提供可操作的见解,以解决水文变化和减轻风险.

主要方法:

  • 利用来自中国1046个水文站的数据.
  • 综合观测数据与ISIMIP3a (部门间影响模型相互比较项目,阶段3a) 气候重建.
  • 采用统计分析来分辨气候,土地利用和人类水资源管理对河流流动的影响.

主要成果:

  • 在过去的六十年中,中国70%以上的水文站的流量下降了.
  • 减少集中在中国北部,主要是由于土地使用/覆盖面的变化,水资源抽取,转移和监管.
  • 河流流量增加,主要在中国南部,主要是由气候变化和变化所主导的.

结论:

  • 土地利用变化和人类对水的干预是中国北部河流流量下降的主要驱动因素.
  • 气候因素是中国南部河流增加的主要驱动因素.
  • 研究结果为制定有针对性的水资源管理战略和基础设施项目提供了关键的见解,以应对水文变化.