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相关概念视频

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

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在脊椎动物细分的可变性.

James E Hammond1, Callum V Bucklow1, Berta Verd1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology
|August 6, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

脊椎动物的脊椎数的多样性是适应的关键. 本综述探讨了进化能力在胚胎体内形成的过程 - - 胚胎体内形成的过程 - - 的发育起源,以了解脊椎数量的进化变化.

关键词:
发展发展发展 发展发展埃沃德沃夫 (Evodevovo) 是一个俄罗斯人.进化 进化 进化 进化 进化 进化 进化可变性 可变性是指可变性.索米托基尼斯 (Somitogenesis) 是一种体质的产生.脊椎的数量 脊椎的数量

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.

背景情况:

  • 脊椎动物的脊椎数量非常多样化,反映了对各种环境和生活方式的适应.
  • 脊椎数量变化的进化能力 (进化能力) 与胚胎生殖 (somitogenesis) 有关,胚胎过程建立了somite数量.
  • 尽管它具有进化重要性,但驱动索米托基尼斯进化能力的发育机制在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了回顾索米托生成和脊椎数的进化历史.
  • 为了确定潜在的发育来源的进化在somitogenesis.
  • 为未来研究脊椎动物多样性的演变提供框架.

主要方法:

  • 关于进化发育生物学研究的文献综述.
  • 在脊椎动物种群中对索米托发生的比较分析.
  • 综合现有关于基因调节和细胞机制在somitogenesis现有的数据.

主要成果:

  • 索米托生殖表现出固有的可塑性,允许胚胎发育期间索米特数的变化.
  • 脊椎数的进化变化很可能受体质发生的时间和速度的改变的影响.
  • 控制某种模式的特定遗传和细胞途径为演化能力提供了目标.

结论:

  • 了解索米托生态进化能力的发育基础对于解释脊椎动物骨多样性至关重要.
  • 进一步研究索米托生成的分子和细胞机制可以阐明进化轨迹.
  • 索米托生成的可塑性为脊椎动物身体计划的适应辐射提供了基础.