肺器官:新生儿学和儿科呼吸道医学的新前沿
Lorenzo Zanetto1,2, Luca Bonadies1,2, Raquel Moll-Diaz2,3
1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
概括
肺部有机体为研究儿科和新生儿呼吸道疾病提供了传统动物模型的有希望的替代方案. 这些先进的模型显示了个性化医疗和改善药物开发的潜力,弥合了研究和临床应用之间的差距.
科学领域:
- 生物医学研究的研究.
- 再生医学是一种再生医学.
- 翻译科学是翻译的科学.
背景情况:
- 传统的临床前模型 (动物,细胞系) 在人类翻译方面存在局限性,导致药物开发失败率高.
- 三维肺器官密切模仿人类肺组织的结构,发育和功能,特别是复杂的器官.
- 美国食品和药物管理局在2022年承认有机体是动物试验的替代品.
研究的目的:
- 对儿科和新生儿呼吸道疾病的肺器官的翻译价值进行审查.
- 评估肺器官模型的当前局限性和未来预期.
- 探索其他体外呼吸模式和该领域的进展.
主要方法:
- 在Medline和ClinicalTrials.gov的系统文献搜索中,搜索关于儿科/新生儿呼吸系统疾病中的肺器官的研究.
- 对实验用途的全面审查,包括疾病建模和治疗测试.
- 对各种呼吸道疾病的有机体应用的分析和与微观技术的整合.
主要成果:
- 肺部有机体被用于模拟病变发生和测试感染性/炎症性疾病,肺血管异常,表面活性剂缺乏和遗传性疾病的干预措施.
- 患者衍生器官使得多因子疾病的个性化医疗方法成为可能,例如先天性隔膜和支气管肺功能失调.
- 微尺度技术 (肺上芯片,微流体) 的进步提高了肺器官的功能.
结论:
- 肺部有机体在儿科和新生儿呼吸系统医学中显示出作为基础研究和临床应用之间的桥梁的巨大潜力.
- 来自患者的有机体为个性化医学和临床研究提供了令人兴奋的可能性.
- 再生医学和工程创新正在迅速推进新生儿和儿科呼吸系统护理中器官的使用.
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