全球湿度指数与横向的水文流
Gonzalo Miguez-Macho1, Ying Fan2
1CRETUS, Non-Linear Physics Group, Faculty of Physics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. gonzalo.miguez@usc.es.
侧面的水流大大降低了干旱,尤其是在低地. 一个新的干旱指数,GHI_topo,结合了这种横向补贴 (Qlat),提供了比传统的P/PET比率更现实的水供应量.
科学领域:
- 水文学
- 气候学
- 环境科学
背景情况:
- 干旱度指数,通常是P/PET,量化了陆地水资源的可用性.
- 从高处到低处的侧面水流 (河流,地下水) 往往被忽视.
- 这种横流为低地提供了至关重要的水补贴.
研究的目的:
- 量化侧面水补贴 (Qlat) 对全球干旱的影响.
- 引入一个新的包括地形的湿度指数 (GHI_topo).
- 评估GHI_topo如何改善水的可用性.
主要方法:
- 全球每月的地表水和地下水补贴 (Qlat) 估计使用30英寸网格的全球水文模型.
- 计算了常规湿度指数 (GHI=P/PET).
- 一个新的指数,GHI_topo = (P + Qlat) /PET,被计算为包括横流.
主要成果:
- 侧面水补贴减少了接收低地地区的干旱.
- GHI_topo在地形上定义的低地更高.
- 与单独的降水 (P) 相比,GHI_topo表现出延迟和湿的季节性.
- GHI_topo ≥ 1 的土地面积比 GHI ≥ 1 的土地面积大33%.
- 这种影响在干旱和季节性干旱的气候中显著.
结论:
- 侧面水补贴是决定区域水资源供应的一个重要因素.
- GHI_topo提供了更准确的水资源评估,特别是在地形影响的地区.
- 这项改进的指数突出显示了尽管环境干旱或季节性, 但仍能维持生命的地区.
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