随着时间的推移,保持对虚假新闻标题的纠正信念:纠正格式和识别纠正的作用
Christopher N Wahlheim1, Paige L Kemp2, Robert W Wiley2
1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart Building, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA. cnwahlhe@uncg.edu.
Memory & cognition
|August 6, 2025
概括
在社交媒体上进行事实验证的纠正可以提高信念的准确性,特别是当人们识别了纠正时. 定制校正格式可以增强识别和记忆,从而随着时间的推移保持持久的信念准确性.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会媒体研究 社交媒体研究
- 信息科学 信息科学 信息科学
背景情况:
- 社交媒体上的虚假信息可能会损害信念准确性和记忆力.
- 经过事实检查的纠正可以减轻这些负面影响.
- 当个体识别了先前的纠正时,纠正的有效性会增强.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同的校正格式如何影响校正的编码和识别.
- 为了确定校正格式对随时间推移的信念准确性的影响.
- 探索对纠正的自信认知与持续的信念准确性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项实验,参与者对标题的真实性进行了评分.
- 参与者接受了三种校正格式:只有虚假的标题,只有真实的标题或虚假然后真实的标题.
- 信念的准确性和对纠正的认知被立即评估,并在延迟 (1周或1个月) 后进行评估.
主要成果:
- 纠正通过降低虚假标题的评级来提高信念准确性,特别是当虚假和真实的信息都被呈现时.
- 在识别更正的标题上有很高的信心与持久的信念准确性改进相关.
- 不那么自信的认知导致了较小的改进,甚至导致信念准确性的损害.
结论:
- 促进编码和识别的校正格式,特别是包括虚假和真实信息的格式,在信念准确性方面产生了最强大和最持久的改进.
- 优化纠正策略可以抵消错误信息和信念回归的长期影响.
- 对纠正的自信认知是实现信念持续准确性的关键.
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