饮食模式对选择心血管风险因素的比较影响:一个网络研究
Yajing Sun1, Mingjing Shang1, Yujiao Zhang1
1Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Scientific reports
|August 6, 2025
概括
这个网络元分析比较了八种饮食对心血管疾病风险. 性饮食和高蛋白饮食最能降低体重,而DASH和间歇性禁食降低了血压.
科学领域:
- 心血管健康与营养科学 心血管健康与营养科学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球主要的健康问题.
- 心血管疾病的可修改风险因素包括肥胖,高血压,失脂症和高血糖症.
- 不同饮食模式对控制心血管疾病风险因素的比较有效性尚未得到充分证实.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估和比较八种不同的饮食模式对关键心血管风险标志物的影响.
- 为了使用积累性排名曲线 (SUCRA) 底下的表面得分来对这些饮食的有效性进行排名.
主要方法:
- 对随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行了网络元分析 (NMA).
- 包括饮食:低脂肪,地中海,,低碳水化合物,高蛋白,素食,间歇性禁食和DASH.
- 使用随机效应模型分析了身体组成,脂质概况,血糖标记和血压的平均差异 (MD).
主要成果:
- 性饮食和高蛋白饮食表现出优异的减肥 (分别为SUCRA 99和71).
- 性饮食和低碳水化合物饮食显示腰围的最大减少 (SUCRA 100和77).
- 达什饮食最有效地降低了缩血压 (SUCRA 89),间歇性禁食也显示出显著的影响 (SUCRA 76).
- 低碳水化合物和低脂肪饮食最佳地增加了HDL-C (SUCRA 98和78).
结论:
- 饮食模式在控制心血管疾病风险因素方面表现出特殊的优势.
- 性饮食和高蛋白饮食对于体重管理是有效的.
- DASH和间歇性禁食在控制血压方面表现出色.
- 碳水化合物限制饮食在脂质调节方面表现有前途.
- 研究结果支持个性化的饮食策略,以有针对性的控制心血管疾病风险因素.
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