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Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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An outlier is an observation of data that does not fit the rest of the data. It is sometimes called an extreme value. When you graph an outlier, it will appear not to fit the pattern of the graph. Some outliers are due to mistakes (for example, writing down 50 instead of 500), while others may indicate that something unusual is happening. Outliers are present far from the least squares line in the vertical direction. They have large "errors," where the "error" or residual is the...
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The Availability Heuristic

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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经济不安全性增加了高收入者的风险偏好.

Xiaoyan Wang1,2, Lina Wang1,3, Rong Huang1

  • 1College of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.

BMC psychology
|August 7, 2025
PubMed
概括

经济不安全性增加了高收入者的冒险行为,无论潜在的收益或损失. 低收入者在风险偏好方面没有变化. 这影响了财务决策.

关键词:
决策方式 决策方式经济不安全 经济不安全收益-损失的框架.收入 收入 收入 收入风险偏好 风险偏好

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科学领域:

  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
  • 心理学 心理学 心理学

背景情况:

  • 经济不安全和收入水平是影响决策的关键因素.
  • 了解风险偏好在金融和经济环境中至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查经济不安全对不同收入水平的风险偏好的影响.
  • 检查框架 (收益与损失) 在经济不安全的情况下如何影响冒险行为.

主要方法:

  • 在实验室环境中对经济不安全的实验性操纵.
  • 使用气球模拟风险任务 (BART) 评估风险偏好.
  • 参与者在收益或损失框架中完成了BART.

主要成果:

  • 经济不安全程度较高的高收入个人在收益和损失框架中都表现出更高的风险偏好.
  • 低收入人士在风险偏好方面没有显著变化.
  • 在损失背景下,高收入参与者表现出比低收入参与者更大的风险偏好.

结论:

  • 经济不安全性显著增加了风险偏好,特别是在高收入者中.
  • 调查结果表明,金融不稳定性可能会改变金融决策策略.
  • 收入水平缓和了经济不安全对冒险行为的影响.