一个心电图基础模型建立在超过1000万条记录的基础上
Jun Li1,2,3, Aaron D Aguirre4,5, Valdery Moura5,6
1National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing.
NEJM AI
|August 7, 2025
概括
一个新的人工智能 (AI) 基础模型ECGFounder分析心电图 (ECG) 来诊断心血管疾病. 它实现了专家级别的性能,即使在单线心电图上也是如此,从而推进了远程患者监控.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在心电图 (ECG) 分析心血管疾病方面表现有前途.
- 基金会模型增强了医疗人工智能,改善了诊断和知识转移.
- 电脑心电图人工智能面临的挑战包括有限的数据和不良的概括性,特别是在单线心电图中.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个通用的ECG基础模型 (ECGFounder),用于全面的心血管疾病诊断.
- 创建一个有效的,即时准备的模型,并且可以轻松微调用于各种下游任务.
- 将ECG分析能力扩展到减少的ECG,包括用于移动和远程监控的单ECG.
主要方法:
- 开发了ECGFounder,使用了来自1,818,247名受试者的10,771,552个ECG,并使用了150个诊断标签.
- 利用心脏病专家的真实世界心电图注释,提供广泛的诊断能力.
- 扩展模型适用于用于多种应用的单ECG.
主要成果:
- 在内部验证方面,ECGFounder取得了专家级别的表现 (AUROC>0.95对80个诊断).
- 在外部验证集上的诊断中展示了强大的分类和概括.
- 在人口统计分析,事件检测和微调后的交叉模式诊断方面表现比基线模型优于3-5个AUROC点.
结论:
- 电动心电图基础模型有效地将任务泛化,增强心血管诊断.
- 便于与云系统集成,用于可穿戴式心电图数据分析.
- 在心脏病学领域显著推进人工智能,并有助于心脏病状况管理.
相关概念视频
01:28Electrocardiogram Fundamentals
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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
878
01:29Electrocardiogram
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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01:19Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm
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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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01:25Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle
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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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01:24ECG Interpretation of Rhythms
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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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