评估超级马拉松跑步者的训练负载和受伤之间的关系:使用通用添加模型的新方法
T L Burgess1,2, P Durand1, K Buchholtz3,4
1Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
South African journal of sports medicine
|August 7, 2025
概括
训练负载较低的超级马拉松运动员面临着更高的受伤风险. 每周跑步的频率也会影响受伤的风险,这表明训练不足可能不能充分准备运动员参加超长距离比赛.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 超级马拉松跑步与严重的受伤风险有关.
- 监测训练负载对于识别潜在的受伤风险因素至关重要.
- 需要进行伤害监测研究,以了解伤害的发生率及其与训练负载的关系.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定超级马拉松跑步者的跑步相关伤害的发生率和性质.
- 调查训练负载与受伤风险之间的关系.
- 分析受伤模式在2018年同志超级马拉松比赛前12周和2周后.
主要方法:
- 招募了106名参与者进行了为期14周的回顾性研究.
- 收集关于跑步伤害和训练负载 (距离,持续时间,频率,急性-慢性工作负载比) 的每周数据.
- 利用通用添加模型来分析训练负载变量与受伤风险之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 与跑步相关的伤害发生率为8/1000小时,整体伤害比例为40%.
- 肌肉 (47%) 和肌 (24%) 是最常见的受伤,特别是在膝盖 (26%) 和部 (19%).
- 较低的训练负载距离和异质的每周训练频率与较高的受伤风险相关 (p=0.02).
结论:
- 较低的训练负载和不一致的每周跑步频率增加了超级马拉松受伤风险.
- 不足够的训练可能无法充分准备跑步者应对超长距离的要求.
- 一般化添加模型有效地模拟了训练负载和受伤风险之间的非线性关系,潜在地提高了预测准确性.
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