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改善慢性病认知表现的干预措施:一个范围审查
Janine Farragher1, Urooj K Khan2, Kevin Yau3
1Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
PloS one
|August 7, 2025
概括
慢性病 (CKD) 的认知障碍是常见的. 干预措施主要集中在血液透析患者身上,运动和贫血管理是常见的,但其他CKD阶段和认知康复需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 认知障碍是慢性病 (CKD) 患者经常出现的并发症,影响大脑功能的各个领域.
- 一系列干预措施显示,无论疾病的严重程度如何,都有可能改善CKD患者的认知表现.
研究的目的:
- 系统地描述研究改善慢性病成年人认知能力的干预措施,涵盖从轻度损伤到功能衰竭的所有阶段.
- 确定研究缺口,并指导未来对CKD认知功能障碍的干预策略.
主要方法:
- 根据Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) 的方法进行了全面的范围审查.
- 在5个电子数据库中对2024年4月5日之前发表的初级研究研究进行了搜索,重点关注患有CKD或功能衰竭的成年人的认知干预措施.
- 数据提取包括干预特征,研究人群和结果,使用描述性统计和叙事综合进行分析.
主要成果:
- 71项研究符合纳入标准,其中一半以上是在过去五年发表的.
- 大多数研究 (66%) 集中在接受维护血液透析的患者身上.
- 药理干预 (例如,贫血管理,透析足够性) 和运动训练是最受研究的,而其他有前途的方法,如认知康复仍然未得到充分探索.
结论:
- 目前对CKD认知干预的研究主要针对血液透析患者群体,重点关注红色素刺激剂,透析参数和运动.
- 关于其他干预措施的研究越来越多,但仍然存在重大差距.
- 未来的研究应该扩大其范围,包括预透析和腹膜透析患者,调查更广泛的病理生理机制,并探索认知康复策略的有效性.
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