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在津巴布韦穆兹区的六个病房中感染疟疾的风险因素:病例控制研究

Tichaona Fambirai¹, Moses J Chimbari¹, Pisirai Ndarukwa^1,2

¹School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

|August 7, 2025

概括

夜间户外活动增加了津巴布韦的疟疾风险,即使在室内喷残留物. 防护措施包括穿着全身衣服和睡在喷的房间里,以减少载体与人之间的接触和制传播.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
传染病流行病学传染病流行病学
载体传播疾病载体传播疾病

背景情况:

尽管疟疾的负担在过去二十年里有所下降,但疟疾仍然是全球健康威胁.
在津巴布韦的Mudzi地区,持续的疟疾传播发生,尽管有有效的室内残留喷雾 (IRS) 计划.
社会经济和行为因素被怀疑是持续疟疾传播的驱动因素.

研究的目的:

确定人类社会经济,行为和卫生系统因素,这些因素有助于在津巴布韦Mudzi地区持续传播疟疾.
在IRS覆盖率高的地区调查疟疾收缩的风险因素.

主要方法:

进行了一项无匹配的病例控制研究,对94例疟疾病例和91例对照进行了研究.
参与者从卫生设施登记册和社区控制中招募.
数据通过结构化问卷和关键信息人采访收集,并使用多变量逻辑回归分析.

主要成果:

疟疾的独立风险因素包括夜间户外社会/宗教活动 (AOR=8.13) 和拥有花园 (AOR=4.51).
保护因素是晚上穿全身衣服 (AOR=0.13) 和睡在喷雾房间 (AOR=0.04).
在病例和对照中观察到对疟疾传播和预防的高度知识.

结论:

夜间户外活动显著增加了疟疾风险,因为它增加了IRS保护区以外的载体与人之间的接触.
将持续的IRS与有针对性的社区参与和宣传计划相结合的综合战略对于消除Mudzi的疟疾至关重要.
针对夜间户外活动的行为干预措施是对载体控制措施的必要补充.

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