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自闭症谱系障碍与故意自伤之间存在关联
Ashley Blanchard1, Stanford Chihuri2, Caleb Ing2,3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. ab3923@cumc.columbia.edu.
Injury epidemiology
|August 8, 2025
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 显著增加了故意自我伤害的急诊室访问的风险,特别是当与ADHD或智力障碍同时发生时. 在这些患者中,中毒是最常见的自我伤害方法.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种神经发育状况,以沟通和社会互动的挑战为标志,通常具有受限制的行为.
- 在过去的20年里,美国的自闭症患病率翻了三倍,与增加的自我伤害行为有关.
- 这项研究量化了与ASD相关的故意自我伤害的过度风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍的人群中故意自伤的风险增加.
- 检查同时出现的注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 和/或智力障碍 (ID) 如何改变这种风险.
主要方法:
- 一项重复的横截面研究分析了2016-2020年全国紧急情况部门样本 (NEDS) 数据.
- 使用ICD-10-CM代码识别了故意自伤ED访问.
- 多变量逻辑回归估计了与ASD相关的自我伤害的调整几率比率 (aORs),有或没有ADHD/ID.
主要成果:
- 在患有自闭症的患者中,故意自伤占ED诊所的2.3%,ADHD的3.9%,智障的3.3%.
- 单独患有自闭症的患者有65%的故意自伤的几率增加 (aOR=1.65).
- 与ASD同时出现的ADHD/ID显示了170%的增加几率 (aOR=2.70),而没有ASD的ADHD/ID显示了186%的增加几率 (aOR=2.86).
- 毒害是自我伤害ED访问的主要原因,占ASD患者的61.0%,而非ASD患者的82.3%.
结论:
- 自闭症谱系障碍与急诊室治疗的故意自我伤害的风险大大增加.
- 这种风险在患有同时出现的ADHD或智力障碍的人群中特别高.
- 主要来自药品的中毒是这个人群中故意自伤的主要方法.
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