生成型LLM可以帮助分类不平衡的现实世界数据吗? 在社交媒体上探索罕见疾病
Emma Le Priol1, Juliette Potier1, Anita Burgun1,2
1Clinical Bio-Informatics Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
Studies in health technology and informatics
|August 8, 2025
概括
生成型大语言模型 (LLM) 可以帮助识别社交媒体上的罕见疾病经验. 添加少量的合成数据提高了发育性和性脑病变 (DEE) 的分类准确性.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 社交媒体分析 社交媒体分析
背景情况:
- 发育性和性脑病变 (DEE) 是一种罕见的,严重的神经系统疾病.
- 社交媒体平台是了解患有罕见疾病的患者和家庭经历的宝贵来源.
- 数据不平衡在分析在线罕见病讨论时构成了重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 评估生成型大语言模型 (LLM) 的有效性,用于对与DEE相关的社交媒体帖子进行分类.
- 为了比较基于零射击提示的分类与合成数据增强来解决数据不平衡.
主要方法:
- 使用CamemBERT作为二进制分类任务的基线模型.
- 实施了基于提示的零射击分类策略.
- 雇佣了生成的LLM来创建合成数据以增加少数群体 (DEE相关职位).
- 在不同策略和合成数据比例中比较性能指标 (宏观/积极F1,精度,回忆).
主要成果:
- 基于零射击提示的分类显示表现不佳.
- 添加一小部分 (2%) 的合成数据显著改善了所有评估的指标.
- 将合成数据的比例增加到2%以上,导致分类精度下降.
结论:
- 生成型LLM在社交媒体上确定罕见疾病经验方面表现有前途.
- 混合方法将LLM微调与特定领域的合成数据相结合,有效地减轻罕见病研究中的数据不平衡.
- 需要在各种模型和数据集上进行进一步的研究和验证,以证实这些发现.
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