结构化的LLM增强用于临床信息提取
Ying Wei1,2, Qi Li1, Jay Pillai2
1Iowa State University.
Studies in health technology and informatics
|August 8, 2025
概括
本研究引入了一种使用大型语言模型 (LLM) 的新框架,用于增加命名实体识别 (NER) 和关系提取 (RE) 的临床数据,有效地解决临床信息提取中的数据稀缺问题.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学是一种临床信息学.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 生物医学数据科学是生物医学数据科学.
背景情况:
- 像命名实体识别 (NER) 和关系提取 (RE) 这样的信息提取任务对于临床研究至关重要,但由于隐私和成本而受到稀缺的标记临床数据的限制.
- 现有的方法与临床文本的独特挑战作斗争,包括隐私问题和高注释费用,阻碍了提取有价值的见解的进展.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一个新的框架,利用大语言模型 (LLM) 来增强数据,以克服信息提取任务的标记临床文件的稀缺性.
- 通过利用LLM生成,上下文准确和结构保存的增强数据来提高临床信息提取模型的性能.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个新的框架,将LLMs用于数据增强与适应的BERT模型用于临床信息提取.
- 该框架在临床笔记段内编码实体和关系信息,使LLM能够在保持结构完整的同时生成多种增强.
- 一个基于细分的BERT模型,包括全球背景的BiLSTM,在增强数据上进行训练,以克服序列长度的限制.
主要成果:
- 拟议的框架显示了公开和专有临床数据集的显著性能改进.
- 数据增强方法有效地解决了临床信息提取中数据稀缺的挑战.
- 与BiLSTM集成的基于细分的BERT模型显示了处理临床文本的增强功能.
结论:
- 这种新的框架通过利用基于LLM的数据增强,有效地解决了临床信息提取中的数据稀缺问题.
- 该方法显示了通过提高NER和RE任务的准确性和效率来推进临床研究和应用的巨大潜力.
- 该方法提供了一个可扩展的解决方案,用于在生物医学领域生成高质量的培训数据,克服隐私和成本障碍.
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