相关实验视频
Updated: Sep 12, 2025

05:48
Rapid Generation of Amyloid from Native Proteins In vitro
Published on: December 5, 2013
6.3K
疏水性崩在细胞毒性和功能性粉样蛋白寡合化中的作用
Kelsie M King1, Hajar Zaheer2, Anne M Brown3
1Department in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Biophysical journal
|August 8, 2025
概括
粉样纤维,像β-endorphin和β-amyloid一样,在结构和功能上有所不同. 分子动力学揭示了粉样ββ的存在.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 粉样纤维是具有不同功能的蛋白质聚合物,范围从激素储存 (例如,β-endorphin) 到神经退行性疾病的参与 (例如,阿尔茨海默氏症中的粉样β).
- 虽然功能性和细胞毒性粉样蛋白都具有纤维细胞形成的倾向,但决定它们不同细胞效应的特定生物物理特征仍然不太清楚.
- 了解粉样的早期聚合事件和结构动态对于破译它们的功能作用和致病机制至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在原子分辨率下研究功能性 (β-endorphin) 和细胞毒性 (β-amyloid) amyloid oligomers形成的结构动力学和机制.
- 在寡合化过程中比较β-endorphin (βE) 和β-amyloid (Aβ) 的结构可塑性和聚合倾向.
- 确定关键的结构特征,区分这些两个氨基基的聚合途径和潜在的细胞毒性.
主要方法:
- 利用全原子分子动力学模拟来建模Aβ42和βE31的单体和六体结构的形成.
- 采用集群分析来描述模拟的寡合体的结构多样性和结构状态.
- 在Aβ42上进行了位点定向的突变发生,以探测特定序列,特别是C端水区域在聚合中的作用.
主要成果:
- 无论是Aβ42和βE31单体,都采用了β链动图,采用由疏水性残留驱动的崩状态.
- 与Aβ42六合体相比,βE31六合体表现出更大的形状多样性和疾病特征,这些六合体的特点是崩的β-链动图的疏水性包装.
- Aβ42 六合体子单位在结构上仍然是塑性和溶剂可访问的,而 Aβ42 六合体形成是由疏水性包装驱动的.
- 破坏Aβ42 C-终端疏水序列降低了聚合倾向和增加了溶剂可访问性,突出了该区域在异常寡合体形成中的关键作用.
结论:
- 原子模拟提供了关于细胞毒性和功能性粉样寡合体的不同形态的初步见解.
- 疏水性相互作用和保持崩状态对于Aβ42.2的异常寡合体形成至关重要.
- 这些发现表明,结构性可塑性和疏水性核心形成的差异是Aβ和βE等功能性粉样蛋白之间的细胞毒性潜力的差异的基础.
相关概念视频
Amyloid Fibrils
9.9K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
9.9K
Protein Folding
121.3K
Overview
121.3K
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding
18.4K
The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
The...
18.4K
Hydrolysis
115.4K
Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
115.4K
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
3.5K
Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
3.5K

