人工智能在法医病理学中的应用:一个系统的文献综述
Francesco Orsini1, Andrea Cioffi1, Luigi Cipolloni1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Frontiers in medicine
|August 8, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在法医病理学方面显示出显著的前景,提高了伤口分析和识别等领域的准确性. 然而,人工智能应该增强,而不是取代人类的专业知识,未来的研究重点是更大的数据集和可解释性.
科学领域:
- 法医病理学 法医病理学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 正在迅速发展,在医疗保健领域显示出潜力,包括法医病理学.
- 本综述评估了法医病理学领域最近的人工智能创新,并探讨了未来的研究方向.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估人工智能在法医病理学的最新进展.
- 提供关于人工智能整合在这个科学学科中的未来轨迹的见解.
主要方法:
- 使用相关数据库对1990年至2025年间发表的论文进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 搜索组合了AI和各种法医/病理学子领域的术语,遵循PRISMA指南.
- 从最初65篇文章中,根据预先定义的纳入和排除标准,选出了18篇文章.
主要成果:
- 人工智能在死后神经学分析 (70-94%) 和枪伤分类 (87.99-98%) 中表现出高准确度.
- 人工智能增强的藻测试实现了0.9的精度和0.95的召回溺水病例.
- 使用人工智能的微生物组分析在个人识别和原产地确定方面达到高达90%的准确性,在年龄估计和精神病学评估方面具有前景.
结论:
- 人工智能显示出作为法医病理学的辅助工具的巨大潜力,在各种应用中提高了准确性.
- 限制包括小样本大小和可变性能;人工智能应该增强,而不是取代人类的专业知识.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑更大的数据集,专门的法医人工智能系统,以及对法律背景的增强可解释性.
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