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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...

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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

A Buoyancy-based Method of Determining Fat Levels in Drosophila

A Buoyancy-based Method of Determining Fat Levels in Drosophila

Published on: November 1, 2016

强烈的 GAL4 表达会影响 Drosophila 脂肪体的功能.

Scott A Keith^1,2, Ananda A Kalukin^1,2, Dana S Vargas Solivan^1,2

¹Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|August 8, 2025

概括

酵母GAL4转录因子,当使用Drosophila脂肪体中的黄-GAL4转基因过度表达时,会导致生理缺陷. 这凸显了在模型生物中特征转基因效应的关键需求.

关键词:

这种植物是Drosophila.地区GAL4 地区GAL4 脂肪细胞 (adipocytes) 是一种脂肪细胞.身体脂肪身体脂肪这是先天免疫力.代谢过程中的代谢.核进口是核进口的一个方面.眼睛的产生眼睛的产生转基因是指转基因的转基因.

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Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

A Buoyancy-based Method of Determining Fat Levels in Drosophila

A Buoyancy-based Method of Determining Fat Levels in Drosophila

Published on: November 1, 2016

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Analyzing Starvation-Induced Autophagy in the Drosophila melanogaster Larval Fat Body

Published on: August 4, 2022

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

Published on: June 3, 2011

科学领域:

遗传学是一个遗传学.
分子生物学分子生物学
免疫学免疫学免疫学

背景情况:

转基因蛋白的过度表达对于在像Drosophila melanogaster这样的模型生物中进行生物学发现至关重要.
然而,这些转基因的意外生理影响往往被忽视.

研究的目的:

为了研究Drosophila的黄黄-GAL4转基因的生理后果.
确定脂肪体内表达的其他转基因是否可以类似地影响生理和免疫力.

主要方法:

利用黄-GAL4 Drosophila线来表达脂肪体中的 GAL4 转录因子.
评估生理参数,包括脂质储存,卵子产量和对细菌感染的耐药性.
采用RNA干扰 (RNAi) 来击败GAL4表达.
建造了新的飞行线,表达了核定位的mCherry和LexA事务激活器.

主要成果:

黄-GAL4的表达破坏了脂肪体的完整性,减少了脂质储存,降低了卵子的产量,降低了对细菌感染的抵抗力.
通过GAL4的淘汰,这些缺陷得到了完全的恢复,证实了转基因的作用.
较高的GAL4表达与增加的感染易感性相关.
核局部化的mCherry和LexA也增加了感染易感性,这表明核内蛋白质可以损害免疫反应.

结论:

转基因产物GAL4,当强烈地表达在Drosophila脂肪体,诱导显著的生理缺陷.
内核转基因,根据表达强度,可以损害脂肪体的免疫反应.
对遗传工具的严格表征对于准确解释模型系统中的结果至关重要.