在食品中检测转基因生物的现有进展:从转基因到基因编辑作物
Zahia Brara1, Khodir Madani1, Joana Costa2
1Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires. Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia, Algeria.
Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety
|August 8, 2025
概括
新的生物技术,包括转基因生物 (GMO) 和CRISPR基因编辑,需要先进的食品检测方法. 本综述涵盖了用于食品中的转基因生物识别和定量化的DNA,蛋白质和测序技术.
科学领域:
- 生物技术和食品科学 生物技术和食品科学
- 分析化学 分析化学
- 遗传学和基因组学 在
背景情况:
- 转基因生物 (GMO) 和CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑等基因改造技术的进步对农业产生了重大影响.
- 这需要严格的食品标签法规和可靠的分析方法来检测食品中的转基因生物.
研究的目的:
- 提供当前用于食品中检测,识别和量化转基因生物的方法的全面概述.
- 讨论各种分析技术的优点和局限性,包括最新的进展.
- 解决在食品中检测到基因编辑突变者的问题.
主要方法:
- 审查基于DNA的方法,包括聚合酶链反应 (PCR),实时PCR和数字PCR.
- 探索替代技术,如同热放大,基因传感器和免疫化学试验 (microtiter板,侧流装置,免疫传感器).
- 包括下一代测序 (NGS) 技术用于检测未经授权的转基因生物和基因编辑作物.
主要成果:
- 聚合酶连锁反应 (PCR) 技术,特别是实时PCR技术,在GMO检测和量化方面占主导地位.
- 数字PCR为实时PCR提供了一个可行的替代方案.
- 像异热放大,基因传感器和NGS这样的新兴技术对于解决复杂的检测挑战至关重要.
结论:
- 存在各种各样的分析方法来检测转基因生物,每个都有特定的优点和缺点.
- 由于转基因生物的复杂性和普遍性日益增加,开发快速,经济高效和现场部署的工具至关重要.
- 下一代测序对检测新型和未经授权的转基因生物和基因编辑作物充满希望.
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