中国电力系统低碳转型的可行性和挑战
Huimin Yun1,2,3,4,5, Tenghu Wu6, Xiaotao Bi7
1School of Economics and Management, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Environmental science & technology
|August 8, 2025
概括
中国的低碳电力转型需要比历史的全球记录更快地采用可再生能源. 社会经济因素和系统惯性方面的省级差异对实现2030-2060年气候目标构成重大挑战.
科学领域:
- 能源政策 能源政策
- 气候变化缓解缓解 气候变化缓解
- 电力系统分析 分析 分析
背景情况:
- 中国的低碳电力转型对于全球气候目标至关重要.
- 综合的国家分析掩盖了各省在社会经济能力,成本和风险方面的差异.
- 现有研究掩盖了电力系统机制,碳减排和经济发展之间的冲突.
研究的目的:
- 将中国的可再生能源采用率 (R_CHI) 与历史最快的全球转型 (R_MAX) 进行比较.
- 分析中国电力系统转型中的省级异质性.
- 量化煤炭衰退带来的社会经济影响,如失业和浅资产.
主要方法:
- 在52个国家对R_CHI与R_MAX进行比较分析.
- 基于社会经济,电力系统结构和机制条件的评估.
- 单位相关失业和浅资产的量化.
主要成果:
- 中国的R_CHI在时间和空间上是不均的,遵循浅资产的"快速然后缓慢"轨迹.
- 某些省份面临着浅资产,失业和能源不安全的高风险.
- 实现中国2030-2060年碳目标需要R_CHI超过R_MAX,尽管面临挑战.
结论:
- 省份的异质性要求量身定制的电力系统改革和公平的碳分配,以实现公正的过渡.
- 克服社会经济和政治挑战,以及系统惯性,对于中国的气候目标至关重要.
- 在低碳转型期间,需要紧急改革来管理风险并确保公平的结果.
相关概念视频
01:30Control of Power Flow
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There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
316
01:26The Power Flow Problem and Solution
340
Power flow problem analysis is fundamental for determining real and reactive power flows in network components, such as transmission lines, transformers, and loads. The power system's single-line diagram provides data on the bus, transmission line, and transformer. Each bus k in the system is characterized by four key variables: voltage magnitude Vk, phase angle δk, real power Pk, and reactive power Qk. Two of these four variables are inputs, while the...
340
01:20Power Factor Correction
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The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
261
01:23Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability
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The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
180
01:25Power System Distribution
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
The transmission system is designed...
The transmission system is designed...
314
01:18Reducing Line Loss
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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss...
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss...
193