实施儿童和青少年喘诊断指南对现实生活的影响
Marie Hauerslev1, Nicklas Brustad2, Mette N Hermansen1
1Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Pediatric pulmonology
|August 8, 2025
概括
根据国际儿童喘指南,在63%的儿童中确诊了喘. 确定的诊断与更好的肺功能改善和更高的急性喘事件风险相关,这强调了客观测试的重要性.
科学领域:
- 儿科肺病学 儿科肺病学
- 喘诊断 喘的诊断 喘的诊断
- 临床实践指南 临床实践指南
背景情况:
- 对于诊断儿科喘,没有普遍接受的黄金标准.
- 国际指南提供了儿童喘诊断的标准.
- 应用这些指导方针对疾病进展和坚持的实际影响尚未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估应用国际喘诊断标准对儿童疾病进展的影响.
- 评估指南确认的喘诊断与肺功能发展之间的关系.
- 确定指导方针确认的诊断与急性喘事件,住院和治疗坚持之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一项为期5年的前性研究,对115名患有儿科医生诊断的喘的儿童 (5-17岁) 进行了研究.
- 一个2年的诊断期评估了对标准的遵守:FEV1%预测<80%,FEV1/FVC比率<80%,支气管扩展剂反应≥12%,FEV1增加≥12%,FeNO≥25ppb,或积极的运动/曼尼托尔测试.
- 随后的3年随访评估了肺功能和急性喘事件.
主要成果:
- 63%的儿童符合指导方针确认的诊断标准.
- 确诊的儿童在FEV1%预测的年度改善显著更高 (每年5.4比3.7).
- 确定的诊断与急性喘事件的风险增加有关 (IRR:4.7),住院治疗 (10对1事件),以及口服皮质类固醇使用 (OR:6.0).
- 在坚持和确诊之间没有发现任何显著的关联,也没有发现诊断和疾病进展的时间.
结论:
- 客观的诊断测试对于识别儿科喘至关重要,因为≥2的阳性测试表明事件风险和治疗效益较高.
- 虽然客观标准很重要,但即使在<2个阳性测试的儿童中,也观察到肺功能改善和事件减少.
- 综合诊断方法,将客观措施与临床判断相结合,对于最佳的儿科喘管理至关重要.
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