来自乌克兰的难民更重视就业机会,而不是福利
Joop Adema1,2, Lasha Chargaziia2,3, Yvonne Giesing2,3
1Department of Public Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
概括
就业机会显著影响难民的目的地选择,而不是社会援助. 了解这些驱动因素有助于制定有效的难民安置政策.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 移民研究 移民研究
背景情况:
- 了解难民的目的地选择对于政策制定至关重要.
- 现有的研究通常依赖于相关数据,限制因果推理.
研究的目的:
- 获得因果关系证据,说明目的地国家的特点如何影响难民的目的地选择.
- 量化各种属性的在难民决策中的相对重要性.
主要方法:
- 一个强迫选择的联合实验是对欧洲各地的3,348名乌克兰难民进行的.
- 难民反复在两个假设国家之间做出选择,这些国家在八个属性上有所不同.
- 利用乌克兰难民的独特权利,选择他们的欧盟成员国获得临时保护.
主要成果:
- 就业机会是选择目的地的更强有力的驱动因素,而不是社会援助.
- 平均工资标准偏差增加1个,国家选择概率增加了16.4个百分点.
- 轻松找到与资格相匹配的工作被评价高于社会联系或语言能力.
结论:
- 工作前景和找到合适工作的能力在难民目的地选择中至关重要.
- 联合实验提供了一种可靠的方法来评估难民对政策变化的反应.
- 调查结果支持基于证据的政策制定,为难民融入和定居提供支持.
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