缓解现金援助规则和母乳养问题
Emily C Dore1, Daniel F Collin1, David W Rothwell2
1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA health forum
|August 8, 2025
概括
在COVID-19期间,国家临时援助贫困家庭 (TANF) 政策变化,如放宽规则和额外收入,促进母乳养的开始和持续时间. 这些发现支持反贫困政策,以改善母亲和儿童健康结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 贫困家庭临时援助 (TANF) 是低收入家庭的关键计划,但其有效性受到严格的规则和低福利的限制.
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,各州修改了TANF政策以改善接入,包括缓解工作要求和提供额外的财政支持.
- 这些TANF政策调整对健康结果,特别是母乳养的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查COVID-19大流行期间颁布的州级TANF政策修改与母乳养开始和持续时间的趋势之间的关联.
- 在政策变化的背景下,比较可能参与TANF的人群和不太可能参与的人群之间的母乳养行为.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自怀孕风险评估监测系统 (2017-2020) 的连续横截面国家数据.
- 采用准实验性的差异分析来评估TANF政策变化的影响.
- 对138,700个人的样本进行了多变量线性回归分析,对个人和州级因素进行控制.
主要成果:
- TANF政策的变化,如放弃制裁和自动重新认证,与增加母乳养的开始和持续时间有关.
- 具体的政策变化,如一次性现金支付和放弃面试,与更长的母乳养时间有关.
- 在各种种族和民族群体中,在扩大TANF资格/减少负担和母乳养之间观察到积极的关联.
结论:
- 国家TANF政策扩大了接入,增加了财政援助,减少了行政障碍,积极影响了母乳养的开始和持续时间.
- 这些发现凸显了精心设计的反贫困政策的潜力,以支持关键的婴儿和母亲健康行为.
- 该研究强调了公共援助计划政策调整的重要性,以改善弱势群体的健康结果.
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