在日本的儿童结核病和BCG疫苗
Yuho Horikoshi1, Michiko Toizumi2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Vaccine
|August 8, 2025
概括
日本的结核病控制从隔离演变为大规模BCG疫苗接种和化疗,大大降低了发生率. 随着日本成为结核病负担较低的国家,正在审查针对性方法的普遍疫苗接种.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 在日本有着悠久的历史,在现代化时期和第二次世界大战后不断升级.
- 公共卫生干预措施,包括强制报告,BCG疫苗接种和化疗,大幅降低了结核病发病率.
- 日本使用一种独特的皮内BCG施用技术和BCG东京-172-1菌株.
研究的目的:
- 为了回顾日本结核病控制的历史轨迹.
- 分析公共卫生干预措施对结核病发病率和死亡率的影响.
- 讨论在低负担环境下对结核病控制的当前挑战和未来战略.
主要方法:
- 对日本结核病控制的公共卫生政策和干预措施的历史审查.
- 在实施关键控制措施后,分析结核病发病率和死亡率趋势.
- 检查当前的儿科结核病流行病学和BCG疫苗接种的作用.
主要成果:
- 由于公共卫生措施和化疗,结核病发病率和死亡率显著下降.
- 1949年开始的广泛的BCG疫苗接种,并于1974年为儿童普及,有助于减少儿科结核病.
- 近年来,在外国出生的个人中,结核病病例的比例不断增加,包括儿科病例.
结论:
- 日本的综合性结核病控制战略在减少疾病负担方面非常有效.
- 转向低结核病负担的设置需要重新评估普遍的BCG疫苗接种政策.
- 未来的策略可能涉及选择性疫苗接种和对高风险人群的加强查,包括外国出生的个人.
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