为未来的流行病做好准备:在高风险的医院环境中对SARS-CoV-2变体的疫苗有效性 - - 越南的一个案例研究
Hien Thi Nguyen1,2, Luong Huy Duong3, Thai Quang Pham1,4
1Department of Communicable Disease Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Asia-Pacific journal of public health
|August 9, 2025
概括
疫苗在医院疫情中对SARS-CoV-2Delta变种的有效率为78%. 完全接种疫苗和医院工作人员的身份显著降低了感染风险.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 一个严重的急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 德尔塔变种疫情发生在2021年9月的越杜克大学医院.
- 疫情引发了18天的封锁,并对医院内的所有人进行了广泛的测试.
- 在此期间,工作人员,患者和护理人员的COVID-19疫苗接种情况各不相同.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计针对SARS-CoV-2感染的疫苗有效性 (VE).
- 为了确定攻击率 (ARs) 和识别与感染相关的因素.
- 分析感染先验患者,护理人员和工作人员的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 使用多变量回归分析来确定与SARS-CoV-2感染相关的因素.
- 在医院环境中收集了630名风险人群的数据.
- 计算了疫苗的有效性,攻击率和调整后的风险比率 (ARR).
主要成果:
- 在630个人中,共确定了131 (21%) 个经过聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 确认的COVID-19病例,导致3人死亡.
- 总体疫苗有效率 (VE) 估计为78% (95%置信区间[CI]:59-88).
- 医院工作人员 (aRR 0.20;95% CI:0.09-0.42) 和完全接种疫苗的人 (aRR 0.51;95% CI:0.28-0.95) 的SARS-CoV-2感染风险显著降低.
结论:
- 该研究强调了全面接种疫苗在减轻医院环境中的SARS-CoV-2感染风险方面的重要作用.
- 医院工作人员的状态也被发现是预防感染的保护因素.
- 研究结果强调了医疗保健机构疫苗接种策略对于控制疫情的重要性.
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