为什么计划生育不是可持续发展的银子弹?
Leigh Senderowicz1,2, Taryn Valley3,4
1Department of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, USA.
Studies in comparative international development
|August 11, 2025
概括
通过避孕来降低生育率经常被推广为全球健康和发展. 然而,将高生育率与负面结果联系在一起的证据很弱,这表明仅计划生育无法解决贫困或环境问题.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 发展研究 发展研究 研究
- 生殖健康 生殖健康
背景情况:
- 高生育率和人口增长经常被视为对全球健康和发展有害.
- 新马尔图斯主义理论将资源枯竭与生育联系起来,主张使用避孕药来改善孕产妇的健康,环境和经济.
- 女权主义和反殖民主义的批评挑战了关于降低生育率的好处的既定科学共识.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地检查证据,将高生育率与不利的孕产妇健康,环境和经济结果联系起来.
- 通过增加避孕药的使用来评估降低生育率的有效性,作为应对这些挑战的战略.
- 评估计划生育在实现更广泛的全球卫生和发展目标中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对现有的科学文献进行批判性审查.
- 分析将生育率与健康,环境和经济指标联系在一起的证据.
- 在促进避孕使用的研究中评估假设和效果大小.
主要成果:
- 将高生育率与不良结果联系在一起的证据比通常认为的更弱,更矛盾.
- 许多支持降低生育率的说法依赖于小效应尺寸和没有证据的假设.
- 增加避孕药的使用率和降低生育率只能带来有限的,边际的好处.
结论:
- 仅仅专注于增加避孕措施的计划生育计划不足以解决贫困,健康状况不佳和环境退化等复杂问题.
- 解决这些多维挑战的根本原因对于有效的全球健康和发展至关重要.
- 计划生育计划应该将重点转向确保生殖自主,而不是仅仅旨在降低生育率.
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