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与年龄相关的统计学学习在分心抑制中的保存

Jiayi Yao¹, Joshua Snell¹, Jan Theeuwes¹

¹Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Psychology and aging

|August 11, 2025

概括

老年人保留了统计学学习能力,但表现出减少了对干扰因素的行为抑制. 虽然学习环境规律保持不变,但它对认知任务的影响随着年龄的增长而减少.

科学领域:

认知心理学认知心理学
神经科学是一个神经科学.
人类发展人类发展

背景情况:

统计学学习对认知至关重要,但其与年龄相关的变化尚未完全理解.
老年人可以学习环境规律,但他们的抑制分心位置的能力尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

为了调查与年龄相关的差异,学习抑制分散注意力的位置.
检查统计学对规律性的学习如何影响年轻人和老年人的搜索行为.

主要方法:

另外还使用了一个单项任务,对96名年轻人和96名老年人进行了测试.
参与者在寻找目标时出现了具有特定空间概率的分心器.

主要成果:

两个年龄组都学会了抑制高概率的分心场所.
老年人与年轻人相比,学会抑制的程度较小.
随着距离分散注意力的位置的距离,搜索效率下降,当目标出现在通常的分散注意力的位置时,目标选择受到阻碍.

结论:

统计学学习能力在很大程度上保留在老年成人.
在老年人中,学习抑制的行为影响和规模减少了.

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