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植物性饮食和2型糖尿病的风险:系统性审查和剂量反应元分析
Alberto Murciano1, Marcella Malavolti1, Susan Fairweather-Tait2
1CREAGEN-Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
坚持纯素和素食饮食可能会降低2型糖尿病的风险. 然而,不健康的植物性饮食与疾病风险增加有关,这凸显了需要谨慎选择食物的必要性.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球2型糖尿病 (T2D) 发病率正在上升.
- 植物性,素食和素食饮食正在探索降低T2D风险.
- 证据需要确认和描述这些饮食模式的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估基于植物的饮食模式与T2D风险之间的关联.
- 分析关于素食主义者,素食主义者和植物性指数饮食的观察性研究数据.
- 评估健康和不健康的植物性饮食对T2D风险的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了文献搜索,直到2025年7月进行观察性研究.
- 包括对成年受试者的研究,评估与植物性指数 (PDI),素食和素食饮食相关的T2D风险.
- 进行了元分析,包括PDI,健康PDI (hPDI) 和不健康PDI (uPDI) 的剂量反应分析.
主要成果:
- 发现素食/植物性饮食与T2D风险之间的反向关联.
- 素食饮食 (RR=0.65) 和乳卵素食饮食 (RR=0.68) 显示T2D风险降低.
- 总体PDI (RR=0.82) 和hPDI (RR=0.76) 与T2D风险相反相关,而UPDI (RR=1.13) 显示了直接的相关性.
结论:
- 素食和素食饮食可能会降低T2D风险.
- 健康的植物性饮食显示了与T2D风险的线性反向关联.
- 不健康的植物性饮食增加T2D风险,需要谨慎,并强调公共卫生影响.
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