相关实验视频
Updated: Sep 11, 2025
10:32
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
18.6K
抗精神病药物治疗智力障碍患者的挑战行为:临床上知情的审查
Alessandro Pascucci1,2, Fabienne Gerber1, Marie Besson1,3,4
1Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|August 12, 2025
概括
抗精神病药物可能为智力障碍者具有挑战性的行为提供短期益处,但会带来风险. 由于混合的证据和不良影响,建议谨慎,个性化处方和停止处方.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 智力障碍 (ID) 患者经常表现出具有挑战性的行为 (BC),影响生活质量.
- 抗精神病药物通常用于ID中的BC,经常是非标签的,引发了对多药和不良影响的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关ID患者BC抗精神病干预的证据.
- 评估抗精神病药物的有效性和安全性,以控制该群体的侵略和自我伤害.
主要方法:
- 对观察性研究和随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行全面的文献搜索.
- 对有关疗效,副作用和特定抗精神病药物的研究结果的分析.
主要成果:
- 随机试验显示混合的结果;一些表明对侵略的好处 (risperidone, olanzapine),另一些显示没有安慰剂的好处.
- 观察性研究表明,短期有效性对侵略性 (risperidone, olanzapine, zuclopenthixol),但不一致的自我伤害行为 (SIBs).
- 抗精神病使用与不良影响 (镇静,体重增加,代谢变化) 之间存在一致的关联;阿里皮普拉显示出对FXS的潜力,代谢问题较少.
结论:
- 目前的文献受限于小样本大小,少数RCT和不一致的发现.
- 有证据表明,减少剂量和停止长期使用抗精神病药物可能有好处.
- 谨慎的,个性化的处方与定期监测和减处方至关重要. 需要进一步进行自然主义研究.
相关概念视频
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
209
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
209
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
455
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
455
01:28Drug Therapy
98
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
98
01:21Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents
316
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
316
01:29Intellectual Disability
159
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
159
01:21Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects
381
Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
381