编程DNA消除驱动了所有鸟类物种三分之二的快速基因组创新
Francisco J Ruiz-Ruano1,2,3,4, Stephen A Schlebusch5, Niki Vontzou1,2
1Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Germany.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|August 12, 2025
概括
鸟类的生殖系受限染色体 (GRCs) 迅速进化,并推动基因组创新. 在大多数歌鸟中发现的这些染色体促进了基因周转和适应性进化,突出了被编程的DNA消除作为一个关键的进化机制.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 鸟类基因组通常是稳定的,但生殖系受限制的染色体 (GRCs) 经历了编程的DNA消除,导致仅限于生殖系的显著基因组变化.
- 在一些歌鸟 (oscines) 中已知GRCs,但在大多数鸟谱系中基本上未被研究,suboscines完全未被检查.
研究的目的:
- 为了进行迄今为止最全面的GRC比较分析,跨越4400万年的进化.
- 为了调查GRCs在主要流浪动物血统中的存在,进化动态和基因组影响.
主要方法:
- 产生了第一个生殖系参考基因组,用于骨干和子骨干.
- 创建了22个来自不同流浪动物血统和外群的新生菌系基因组草案.
- 对GRCs和标准A染色体进行比较基因组分析.
主要成果:
- GRC可能存在于大约6700种鸟物种中,这表明其广泛存在.
- GRCs迅速进化,基因和重复周转数量比A染色体更快.
- 古代基因重复的证据 (例如,cpeb1,pim1) 和多个独立的基因重复在GRC上 (例如,mfsd2b,bmp15),表明适应性约束.
- 功能替代的发现,以zglp1为例,其中GRC允许标准基因组的基因丢失,这对许多物种的生殖系功能至关重要.
结论:
- GRCs是显著的基因组创新者,推动了快速的生殖系进化,并有助于鸟的多样化.
- 通过GRCs编程的DNA消除是动物进化中从基因组学上广泛存在且可能被忽视的机制.
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