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流行性和新兴的帕沃病毒的独特进化模式,以及一种新的流行性病毒的起源

Robert A López-Astacio¹, Brian R Wasik¹, Hyunwook Lee²

¹Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|August 12, 2025

概括

狗类帕维病毒 (CPV) 起源于猫类泛白血病病毒 (FPV),在宿主跳跃后在狗中迅速演变. 独特的进化路径突出显示了新宿主中的病毒适应.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
进化生物学进化生物学
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

在新宿主中流行病毒的出现对人类和动物种群构成重大威胁.
病毒进化对于克服宿主障碍至关重要,使得感染和传播有效.
猫类泛白血病病毒 (FPV) 和狗类帕尔沃病毒 (CPV) 为研究宿主跳跃事件和随后的病毒演变提供了一个模型.

研究的目的:

为了研究FPV在60年的自然演变.
为了澄清在20世纪70年代出现的流行性CPV的起源.
为了比较FPV和CPV在各自宿主 (猫和狗) 中47年来不同的进化轨迹.

主要方法:

病毒序列的遗传学分析.
在FPV和CPV之间进行比较进化速率分析.
鉴定宿主适应性遗传变化,特别是在体蛋白中.

主要成果:

类似FPV的菌株在狗中进化时,CPV的发病率约为25%.
自1979年以来,CPV进化率的显著增加被观察到,与基因变异的传播相吻合.
CPV的共同祖先与欧洲FPV菌株有关,并具有状突变,促进与犬类转激素受体-1型结合.
从早期分离物中获得的FPV疫苗菌株在60年内显示出有限的抗原变异.

结论:

从FPV中出现的CPV涉及到特定的宿主适应性囊体变化,使犬类感染成为可能.
与猫的FPV相比,CPV在狗中表现出明显更高的进化率.
独特的进化模式强调了病毒适应和在宿主跳跃事件后传播的复杂性.

关键词:

生物科学生物科学微生物学 / 进化抗体是对抗体的重要组成部分.突出出现的情况.进化演化演化演化演化演化演化演化帕尔沃病毒病毒.疫苗疫苗疫苗疫苗

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