查尔马克:对痴呆症语言生物标志物的马尔科夫方法
Kevin Mekulu1, Faisal Aqlan2, Hui Yang1
1Complex Systems Monitoring, Modeling and Control Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|August 12, 2025
概括
这项研究介绍了CharMark,一个可解释的AI框架,使用字符级别分析通过语音模式检测痴呆症. 它确定了用于早期认知衰退查的语言生物标志物.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 痴呆症是一种广泛的神经退行性疾病,影响全球数百万人.
- 了解语言标记是识别语言认知衰退的关键.
- 目前的认知评估缺乏详细的语言洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 介绍CharMark,一个可解释的AI框架用于痴呆症的语言分析.
- 使用马尔科夫链模型,在字符层面描述语言的产生.
- 为了确定早期痴呆症检测的潜在语言生物标志物.
主要方法:
- 利用一级马尔科夫链模型来分析语音转录中的字符转换.
- 在痴呆症患者和健康对照人群中使用字符的计算稳定状态概率.
- 应用主要组件分析 (PCA) 和拉索逻辑回归用于特征分析和歧视.
主要成果:
- 在痴呆症患者和对照人群之间发现了字符使用的显著差异,包括空格 (暂停),"n"和"i".
- 基于认知状态的PCA揭示了不同的集群.
- 拉索逻辑回归证实了字符级特征的歧视力.
结论:
- 字符级语言特征可以作为认知衰退的可解释和可计算的生物标志物.
- 查尔马克为早期痴呆症查提供了一种轻量级,可扩展的方法.
- 这种方法适用于复杂或依赖音频的模型无法实现的设置.
相关概念视频
01:26Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
668
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
668
01:27Language and Cognition
441
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
441
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
1.0K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.0K