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相关概念视频

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.4K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.5K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.5K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.4K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.4K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

4.6K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
4.6K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.0K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

7.2K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
7.2K

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Transcriptional landscape of pulmonary artery endothelium reveals subpopulation- and disease-specific remodeling signatures.

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FOXP-stabilization of the <i>Il2ra</i> super-enhancer structure augments Treg fitness.

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Pre-existing influenza antibodies, younger age, and increased CD4 T<sub>E+EM</sub> predict influenza vaccination responses in transplant recipients.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

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正常的Treg稳态和抑制功能需要FOXP1和FOXP4两种.

Dachuan Dong1, Vishal J Sindhava2, Ananthakrishnan Ganesan3

  • 1Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, United States of America.

JCI insight
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

FOXP1和FOXP4蛋白对调节性T细胞 (Treg) 功能至关重要. 它们在Tregs中的联合缺席导致免疫功能障碍,自身免疫和小鼠的早期死亡.

关键词:
适应性免疫是一种适应性免疫.这是一种自身免疫力.免疫学 免疫学 免疫学这是Tregs.

更多相关视频

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

20.7K
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

24.3K

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 调节FOXP3+的T细胞 (Tregs) 对于维持免疫耐受性至关重要.
  • 已知FOXP1对Treg功能有影响,但FOXP4的作用在很大程度上未被描述.
  • 了解Tregs中的FOXP家族相互作用对于免疫调节至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究小鼠Treg细胞中FOXP1和FOXP4之间的功能相互作用.
  • 为了确定Tregs.中联合FOXP1和FOXP4缺乏的后果.

主要方法:

  • 在Treg细胞中生成具有Foxp1,Foxp4或两者的特定遗传缺失的小鼠模型.
  • 对Treg细胞表型,抑制功能和免疫反应的分析.
  • 调查FOXP1和FOXP4与Il2ra促进体结合的情况.

主要成果:

  • 在Tregs中,FOXP1和FOXP4的联合缺乏导致淋巴增殖,炎症,自身免疫和早期死亡.
  • 这两种蛋白质的缺失导致了激活的Treg表型,抑制功能受损,生殖中心反应增强,并增加了促炎性细胞因子的产生.
  • 发现FOXP1和FOXP4通过与Il2ra促进体区域结合来调节CD25的表达.

结论:

  • 在Treg细胞功能中,FOXP1和FOXP4扮演着非冗余但合作性的角色.
  • 仅FOXP4本身就没有足够的作用,这凸显了FOXP1在Treg介导的免疫耐受性中的重要性.
  • 联合FOXP1/FOXP4缺乏严重破坏Treg功能,导致自身免疫性疾病.