精神分裂症患者的主导积极和消极症状的执行功能中明显的神经激活模式:fNIRS研究
Yinqing Xu1, Xiaoning Huo2, Xiaolong Yang2
1Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Weiyuan Road District, Lanzhou 730000, China.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology
|August 12, 2025
概括
有积极症状的精神分裂症患者表现出过度的前额外激活,而有负面症状的患者在认知任务期间的激活减少. 这些发现凸显了精神分裂症亚型中明显的执行功能缺陷.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症 (SCH) 的特点是不同的症状,包括积极和消极的症状.
- 执行功能,如认知灵活性和抑制控制,在SCH中经常受到损害.
- 了解这些缺陷背后的神经机制对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较精神分裂症患者的主要积极症状 (PSD) 和消极症状 (NSD) 的执行功能和前额头大脑激活.
- 用功能近红外光谱学 (fNIRS) 将这些认知和神经模式与健康对照者的模式进行对比.
主要方法:
- 52名SCH患者 (PSD和NSD组) 和29名健康对照参与了研究.
- fNIRS测量了认知灵活性期间的大脑活动和评估抑制控制的Stroop任务.
- 性能指标包括准确性和反应时间.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,SCH患者的准确性较低,反应时间较慢.
- 在PSD组表现出过度的前额叶皮层 (PFC) 和背侧PFC激活.
- 在NSD组在一致条件下显示出更高的PFC激活,但在不一致条件下显示出更低的激活.
结论:
- 在PSD和NSD精神分裂症亚型之间存在执行功能缺陷和前额激活的不同模式.
- 精神分裂症的症状概况与特定的认知障碍和神经机制相关.
- 对这些差异的进一步研究可以为改善临床结果提供量身定制的干预措施.
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