具有当地影响的国家政策:量化萨克特对伊利诺伊州湿地和社区的下游影响
Chelsea M Peterson1, Julie E Nieset2, Jessica L Monson3
1Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Journal of environmental management
|August 12, 2025
概括
萨克特诉环保署的裁决可能会让数以百万计的湿地不受保护. 在伊利诺伊州,高达72%的湿地可能会失去"清洁水法案"的保护,增加洪水风险,特别是在脆弱的社区.
科学领域:
- 环境法和环境政策
- 湿地科学与生态 湿地科学与生态
- 地理空间分析和气候变化适应
背景情况:
- "2023年萨克特诉EPA最高法院裁决重新定义了"清洁水法案" (CWA) 对湿地的保护,要求连续地表连接到"美国水域" (WOTUS).
- 这一决定使数以百万计的美国湿地,对洪水控制至关重要,脆弱,因为大多数州缺乏独立的,强大的湿地保护法律.
- 这一裁决的影响尤其令人担忧,因为湿地带来的重大经济效益估计在112亿美元至67亿美元之间,用于防洪.
研究的目的:
- 评估萨克特诉环保署关于伊利诺伊州湿地管辖权的裁决的影响.
- 为了确定伊利诺伊州的湿地可能会在各种政策情景下失去联邦保护.
- 评估未受保护的湿地与气候驱动的自然灾害风险之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 集成的地理空间数据集用于绘制和分析伊利诺伊州的湿地区域.
- 根据湿地与相对永久水域 (RPW) 连接的不同要求,制定了96个政策场景.
- 量化了潜在的非司法管辖区湿地面积,并评估了其与洪水风险和气候灾害影响的相关性.
主要成果:
- 伊利诺伊州多达286,342公 (72.1%) 的湿地可能成为联邦非管辖区 (非WOTUS),如果季节性洪水是CWA保护所需的.
- 估计有227,642公 (79.5%) 的非WOTUS湿地可能缺乏州级保护,尽管县级法规提供了一些覆盖范围.
- 不受保护的湿地区域与30年洪水风险增加,人口和财产价值损失密切相关,特别是在伊利诺伊州东北部以外.
结论:
- 萨克特诉环保署的裁决严重威胁到伊利诺伊州的湿地保护,可能会使大面积的地区容易受到影响.
- 县级法规可以减轻某些地区的洪水风险增加,但普遍存在的脆弱性仍然存在,特别是在较低的海拔和度社区.
- 加强对间歇性干燥或地理隔离的湿地的保护对于加强社区对气候变化影响的抵御能力至关重要.
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