紧急人员冷却策略的有效性:系统审查和元分析
Jorge Gutiérrez-Arroyo1, Jose A Rodríguez-Marroyo2, Fabio García-Heras1
1VALFIS Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Leon, Spain.
Scientific reports
|August 12, 2025
概括
冷却干预措施显著降低了紧急工作人员在高温下工作的生理应变. 间歇式和每次冷却方法,特别是组合策略,在提高耐热性和安全性方面表现最有前途.
科学领域:
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 应急人员在高温环境中由于防护装备而面临显著的热生理应变.
- 这种菌株损害了性能,并增加了与热有关的疾病的风险.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析冷却干预措施对暴露于热应激的紧急人员的有效性.
- 评估冷却对核心温度,皮肤温度,心率,出汗率和耐受时间的影响.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) 进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2024年3月.
- 包括有控制的实验研究,评估冷却干预措施的参与者在炎热 (>28°C) 时穿着防护服,与没有冷却的对照组.
主要成果:
- 冷却干预显著降低了核心温度 (ES = -0.56),心率 (ES = -0.42) 和出汗率 (ES = -0.70).
- 耐受性时间显著改善 (ES = 1.44).
- 间歇性和每次冷却,特别是混合方法策略,显示出最大的益处;皮肤温度没有显著变化.
结论:
- 冷却干预措施有效地减轻了紧急人员在热应激条件下的生理压力.
- 间歇和每次冷却的组合方法似乎是提高耐热性最有效的.
- 需要进一步的研究,以解决用于冷却协议的实际现场实施的后勤挑战.
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