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关于子宫内大麻暴露对新生儿的影响的证据

Basel Thayyil¹, Kamran Yusuf²

¹Department of Pediatrics, Section of Newborn Critical care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. basel.thayyil@gmail.com.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association

|August 12, 2025

概括

怀孕期间大麻的使用量正在上升,高水平的四大麻素 (THC) 构成风险. 产前暴露与儿童的不良出生结果和长期神经发育问题有关.

科学领域:

围产期健康围产期健康
神经科学是一个神经科学.
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

怀孕期间使用大麻的全球流行率不断增加.
大麻产品强度显著增加,THC度从5%增加到30%.
THC穿过胎盘并积聚在胎儿组织中的能力,影响神经发育的关键内分泌系统.

研究的目的:

审查增加大麻功效和产前暴露对妊娠结果和后代神经发育的影响.
突出THC转移到母乳中的情况及其对婴儿的潜在后果.
为了强调进一步纵向研究的需要,由于随机对照试验的伦理限制.

主要方法:

审查现有关于产前大麻暴露的研究和元分析.
对长线数据的分析,检查后代的神经发育结果.
评估THC通过胎盘和进入母乳的转移.

主要成果:

产前大麻暴露与低出生体重,早产,新生儿重症监护室入院以及降低Apgar分数的关联.
在纵向研究中观察到后代的记忆,注意力和执行功能的变化.
显著的THC转移到母乳养的婴儿,大约是母乳剂量的2.5%.

结论:

产前接触大麻,特别是高强度产品,对胎儿发育和出生结果构成重大风险.
儿童在产前接触大麻的长期神经发育后果需要继续调查.
在没有随机对照试验的情况下,观察性研究对于理解因果关系至关重要.

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