将文本挖掘应用于临床笔记:从电子健康记录 (EHR) 中识别患者特征
Simone Ten Hoope1, Koen Welvaars2, Kylian van Geijtenbeek2
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. simone.mk.tenhoope@gmail.com.
BMC medical informatics and decision making
|August 13, 2025
概括
文字挖掘电子健康记录 (EHR) 可以有效地识别患者的特征,如语言障碍和生活情况. 这项研究表明,文本挖掘对于提取关键患者数据,改善医疗保健沟通和安全是可行的.
科学领域:
- 在医疗保健中的自然语言处理 (NLP)
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 挖掘健康数据 挖掘健康数据
背景情况:
- 临床笔记包含患者的重要特征,如果错过,会增加不良事件的风险.
- 忽视电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的患者数据可能导致错误沟通.
- 这项研究解决了对患者信息自动提取的需求.
研究的目的:
- 评估使用文本挖掘来从电子健康记录中提取患者特征的可行性.
- 为了比较文本挖掘与人类智能的有效性.
- 确定四个关键的患者特征:语言障碍,独自生活,认知脆弱和不坚持.
主要方法:
- 从1,120个患者档案中创建了一个手册"黄金"标准.
- 基于规则 (RB) 的SQL查询用于简单的术语.
- 命名实体识别 (NER) 模型用于复杂的术语.
- 模型性能与手册标准相比,使用回忆,特异性,精度,NPV和F1得分进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 语言障碍RB查询实现了高回忆率 (0.99) 和特异性 (0.96).
- NER模型显示出不同的表现:独自生活 (回忆0.81-0.86),认知脆弱 (回忆0.59-0.73) 和不坚持 (回忆0.75-0.90).
- 模型表现出倾向于高估特征,有时错误地将家庭成员的障碍归因于患者.
结论:
- 文本挖掘是从电子健康记录中提取患者特征的可行方法.
- 对于复杂的术语,NER模型的性能通常优于RB查询.
- 为了更广泛的临床应用,建议对这些模型进行改进.
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