长时间静态拉伸对运动表现和灵活性的急性影响
Shuting Ji1, Hong Lu1, Zhaohong Sun1
1College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Research in sports medicine (Print)
|August 13, 2025
概括
长时间的静态拉伸 (SS) 提高了灵活性,但暂时阻碍了爆炸性性能. 然而,随后的网球特定激活练习有效地抵消了大学运动员的这些缺点.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 运动前的伸展方案显著影响后续的体力表现.
- 静态拉伸 (SS) 与动态拉伸 (DS) 相比,它对力量和敏捷性的急性影响经常受到争议.
- 体育特定激活在减轻伸展潜在负面影响中的作用是一个需要进一步研究的领域.
研究的目的:
- 调查长时间静态拉伸 (SS) 与动态拉伸 (DS) 对大学网球运动员体力表现的急性影响.
- 为了确定网球特定的激活练习是否可以抵消SS后的任何性能下降.
- 为了比较SS +激活,DS +激活和SS +休息在关键身体性能指标上的综合效应.
主要方法:
- 一个随机交叉试验,涉及31名大学网球运动员.
- 参与者接受了三个条件:SS + 激活,DS + 激活和SS + 休息.
- 通过坐着伸手的灵活性,站着跳远 (SLJ),T-Test敏捷性和手握强度来评估表现.
主要成果:
- 在拉伸后立即,SS提高了灵活性,但与DS相比,它降低了SLJ和T-Test的性能.
- 在运动特定激活之后,与SS相关的性能缺陷被消除了.
- 在激活阶段后,SS和DS组之间没有发现SLJ和T-Test表现的显著差异.
结论:
- 长时间的SS可以显著提高灵活性,但可能暂时降低敏捷性和爆炸力.
- 运动特定的激活练习有效地减轻了长期SS引起的急性性能损害.
- 网球运动员可以利用SS然后激活,而不会影响敏捷性和爆炸力等关键性能指标.
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