性别和认知策略之间的与精神旋转相关的神经相互作用
Nadia Marie Bersier1,2, Sandra Arbula1, Silvio Ionta2
1Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy.
Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
概括
在心理旋转 (MR) 任务中,男性的表现优于女性的表现,特别是在使用基于对象的策略 (OBS) 时. 大脑成像显示,女性在OBS期间使用更多的感觉运动处理,这可能解释了性能差异.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经心理学 神经心理学
- 人类行为人类行为.
背景情况:
- 研究表明,在认知任务中存在基于性别的差异,男性在心理旋转 (MR) 中往往更快,更准确.
- 假设这种差异源于不同的认知策略:男性倾向于基于对象的策略 (OBS),女性倾向于基于效应的策略 (EBS).
研究的目的:
- 研究男性和女性在心理旋转 (MR) 任务中使用的认知策略.
- 使用fMRI探索这些战略差异的神经基础.
- 检查性激素,特别是丸激素和数字比对MR性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 参与者使用基于对象 (OBS),基于效应器 (EBS) 和控制条件进行了MR.
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 在执行任务时记录了大脑活动.
- 唾液丸激素水平和数字比被评估与MR性能相关.
主要成果:
- 在OBS和对照条件下,男性的MR性能比女性更快.
- 在OBS条件下,男性比女性更准确.
- 与男性相比,女性在OBS期间表现出较高的下额和体感皮层激活,MR性能与丸激素或数字比率之间没有显著的相关性.
结论:
- 在MR表现中的性别差异可能归因于不同的认知策略,女性在OBS期间增加体感官激活可能会阻碍纯粹的空间处理.
- 这些发现表明,基于效应器的感觉运动处理会影响女性的MR准确性.
- 这项研究强调了在解释空间能力中的性别差异时考虑认知策略使用的重要性.
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