灰质与男孩注意力缺陷多动性障碍相关,而女孩有感官处理功能障碍
Efstathios D Gennatas1, Jamie Wren-Jarvis2, Rachel Powers2,3
1Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
概括
患有感官处理功能障碍 (SPD) 的儿童的注意力缺陷多动性障碍 (ADHD) 显示出性别特异的大脑差异. 男孩在感官和皮质区域显示灰质密度降低,而女孩在脑干神经递质系统显示变化.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 儿科精神病学 儿科精神病学
背景情况:
- 在注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 中体积灰质变化缺乏一致的发现,可能是由于样本采集和分析的局限性.
- 感官处理功能障碍 (SPD) 与白质差异有关,并且很大一部分SPD儿童也符合ADHD标准.
- 在同质群体中研究灰质微观结构可能会揭示ADHD的强大的生物标志物.
研究的目的:
- 调查感官处理功能障碍 (SPD) 和并发性注意力缺陷多动性障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童与仅有SPD的儿童的性别特异性灰质体积 (GMV) 和密度 (GMD) 差异.
- 探索SPD中ADHD和区域GMV/GMD之间的关系,假设性别特定的模式.
- 在SPD人群中识别ADHD的潜在神经生物标志物.
主要方法:
- 基于深度学习的磁共振成像 (MRI) 分段被用于量化GMV和GMD.
- 这项研究包括两组患有SPD的儿童:患有并发性ADHD (SPD+ADHD) 和没有 (SPD-ADHD) 的儿童.
- 分析的重点是识别基因组之间的GMV和GMD的性别特异性区域差异.
主要成果:
- 与SPD-ADHD的男孩相比,SPD+ADHD的男孩在新皮质,边缘和小脑GMD中显示出广泛的减少,在感官皮质上有显著的差异.
- 相比之下,与SPD-ADHD的女孩相比,与SPD-ADHD的女孩相比,SPD+ADHD的女孩在调节关键神经递质 (dopaminergic,noradrenergic, serotonergic) 的脑干核中表现出改变.
- 这些发现表明,SPD儿童的ADHD与性二态神经相关.
结论:
- 在SPD儿童中,ADHD的神经基础在性别之间是不同的.
- 在男孩中,ADHD可能与非典型的感官皮层发育的下游后果有关.
- 在女孩中,在SPD的背景下,ADHD可能涉及基本脑干神经递质系统的干扰.
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