当年龄扭转平衡时:影响半球语言专业化的双重机制
Elise Roger1,2,3, Loïc Labache4,5, Noah Hamlin6,7
1Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Communication and Aging Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
概括
大脑侧向化随着年龄的增长而变化,显示语言区域的双向化增加以及记忆区域的左向专业化. 这些在中年左右出现的变化会影响语言的产生. 这项研究揭示了老化大脑网络中的双重机制.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知老龄化 认知老龄化
- 脑部成像 脑部成像
背景情况:
- 随着年龄的增长,大脑结构发生了显著的变化,影响了功能网络的横向化.
- 了解成年人一生中半球专业化转变对于认知健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究大脑半球专业化的与年龄相关的变化.
- 分析功能连接和结构体积如何随着年龄的增长而变化.
- 将这些大脑变化与语言任务中的行为表现联系起来.
主要方法:
- 分析了728名成年人 (18-88岁) 的休息状态功能性MRI (fMRI) 和结构性MRI数据.
- 使用语言和记忆网络图谱来量化功能连接中的区域不对称性.
- 在37个双边大脑区域中实现区域体积的正常化.
主要成果:
- 确定了两种不同的与年龄相关的不对称轨迹:语言区域的双向化和记忆/语言多模式区域左向专业化的增加.
- 观察到相反的横向化模式在中年出现.
- 将这些不对称性转移与语言生产任务的表现联系起来.
结论:
- 新证据表明,一种双重机制会随着年龄的增长重塑功能性大脑侧向化.
- 证明了休息状态fMRI指标在跟踪与年龄相关的大脑变化中的实用性.
- 研究结果强调了整个成年期大脑网络的动态变化.
相关概念视频
01:27Language and Cognition
441
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
441
01:28Lateralization
481
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
481
01:05Cerebral Hemispheres
524
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
524
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
1.0K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.0K
01:22Language Development
449
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
449
01:16Language
424
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
424