意想不到的双语的早期表现在最小的语言自闭症中
David Gagnon1,2, Alexia Ostrolenk1,2,3,4, Laurent Mottron1,2
1Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
概括
自闭症儿童,包括极小的口语儿童,可以在社交环境之外学习语言,通常是通过非交互式媒体. 这种意想不到的双语 (UB) 表明了自闭症中独特的语言学习途径.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 自闭症谱系障碍研究研究
背景情况:
- 自闭症中的意外双语 (UB),即儿童在他们的环境之外使用语言,很少被报告.
- UB建议自闭症儿童可能会在非社会上获得语言,可能是在最低限度的语言早期.
- 对于早期自闭症中非社会语言获取的证据有限,通常来自小型案例研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查自闭症儿童中意外双语 (UB) 的患病率和特征.
- 探索在幼儿自闭症中潜在的非交互性语言学习途径.
- 将自闭症儿童的UB与非自闭症临床和典型发育 (TD) 儿童进行比较.
主要方法:
- 119名自闭症儿童,102名非自闭症临床儿童和75名TD儿童 (2-6岁) 的护理人员填写了问卷.
- 调查问卷评估了儿童的语言兴趣,使用和社会语言接触的比例.
- UB被定义为使用社会环境中不存在的语言来命名字母和/或数字.
主要成果:
- 38.7%的自闭症儿童表现出UB,明显高于TD儿童 (4.38倍更有可能).
- 自闭症儿童使用非主导语言的可能性是自闭症儿童使用非主导语言的8.28倍,而不依赖于社会接触.
- 非互动媒体被确定为自闭症儿童的UB的主要来源.
结论:
- 自闭症儿童,即使是最小的口语儿童,也对特定语言发展的社会互动的依赖性减少.
- 在自闭症儿童的早期语言发育中,非交互式语言学习途径似乎很重要.
- 这些发现挑战了传统的观点,即语言学习只能通过自闭症患者的社交互动来实现.
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