德国无家可归者使用多种物质:全国性,跨部门的多中心研究
Deutsches Arzteblatt international
|August 13, 2025
概括
在德国,无家可归者 (PEH) 中使用物质很普遍,34%的人使用多种物质. 年轻的PEH,以前被监禁的人和目前的烟草使用者面临更高的风险. 有针对性的支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 德国无家可归者 (PEH) 的数量自2022年以来翻了一番,到2024年达到44万.
- 关于PEH中物质使用的代表性数据严重缺乏.
- 这项研究通过估计物质使用的流行率和确定多种物质使用在这个脆弱人群中的风险因素来解决数据缺口.
研究的目的:
- 估计德国无家可归者 (PEH) 最近使用物质的患病率.
- 为了确定PEH的特定亚组,增加了使用多种物质的风险.
- 为这一群体提供有针对性的干预措施和公共卫生战略的信息.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及2021年德国四个大都市地区674个PEH的横截面研究.
- 对血清样本进行毒理分析,检测出22种物质,分为酒精,中枢神经系统刺激剂,麻醉止痛药和大麻.
- 多种物质的使用定义为至少来自两个不同的类别的物质的存在.
主要成果:
- 35%的PEH报告说最近没有使用物质;34%的PEH显示使用多种物质.
- 酒精是最常检测到的物质 (39%),其次是中枢神经系统刺激剂 (30%),大麻 (28%) 和麻醉止痛药 (18%).
- 多种物质的使用与年龄较小,入狱史,目前的烟草使用和地理位置显著相关.
结论:
- 在德国日益增长的PEH人口中,物质的可用性和使用量普遍存在,与与药物相关的死亡人数上升相吻合.
- 调查结果强调,迫切需要继续监测PEH中物质使用趋势.
- 针对性支持和干预对于被确定为使用多种物质高风险的子组至关重要.
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