一种古老的增强剂在人类血统中迅速发展,促进神经发育和认知灵活性
Kun Tan1, Kendall Higgins1, Qing Liu1
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Science advances
|August 13, 2025
概括
人类加速区域123 (HAR123) 是一个关键的遗传元素,在人类和黑猩猩分离后迅速演变. 这种神经增强剂促进神经前代细胞的形成,并影响认知灵活性.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 推动人类进化的基因变化在很大程度上是未知的.
- 17p13.3染色体区域与神经系统缺陷有关.
- 人类加速区域 (HAR) 是人类特异性特征的候选区域.
研究的目的:
- 研究HAR123在人类神经进化中的作用.
- 确定HAR123对神经原生细胞形成的功能影响.
- 探索 HAR123 进化对神经发育障碍的影响.
主要方法:
- 跨物种对HAR123的序列分析.
- 在神经前代细胞 (NPC) 中的功能性测试.
- 基因表达分析和目标识别 (例如,HIC1).
- 对HAR123-淘汰赛小鼠的表型分析.
主要成果:
- HAR123是一种保存的神经增强剂,促进NPC形成.
- 自从人类和黑猩猩分裂以来,HAR123在人类血统中迅速发展.
- 人类的HAR123独特地调节了参与神经分化的基因.
- HIC1在HAR123的下游作用,促进人类NPC的形成.
- 哈尔123淘汰赛小鼠表现出受损的认知灵活性和改变的神经质比率.
结论:
- HAR123是人类神经进化的重要遗传因素.
- 在NPC形成和神经分化中,HAR123的功能至关重要.
- 哈尔123的失调可能导致神经发育障碍,其特征是神经质比率发生变化.
相关概念视频
01:01Neuroplasticity
764
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
764
01:20Evolutionary Psychology
422
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
422
01:15Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
1.0K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
1.0K
01:28Human Genetics
722
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
722
02:31Synteny and Evolution
3.4K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.4K
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
275
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
275