经典玛雅人对墨西哥西北尤卡坦州多年的季节性干旱的反应
Daniel H James1, Stacy A Carolin1,2, Sebastian F M Breitenbach3
1Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Science advances
|August 13, 2025
概括
长期的干旱影响了玛雅文明在终极古典时期. 新的石岩数据揭示了特定的干旱时间,显示玛雅遗址对气候压力做出了不同的反应.
科学领域:
- 古气候学 古气候学
- 考古学的考古学
- 玛雅文明研究 玛雅文明研究
背景情况:
- 终极古典玛雅低地经历了社会政治动荡和人口减少,可能与长期干旱有关.
- 现有的区域气候记录表明多次干旱事件,但由于时间不确定性,当地站点的反应仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建一个高分辨率的降雨记录从玛雅低地在终端古典时期.
- 准确地追溯干旱事件并分析它们与玛雅文化和政治动态的关系.
主要方法:
- 来自墨西哥西北部尤卡坦州的每年层叠的石岩的分析,涵盖公元871年至1021年.
- 斯塔拉格米特的氧同位素分析,与现代降雨和滴水监测进行校准.
- 精确日期的古气候数据与玛雅遗址的考古时间表的比较.
主要成果:
- 创建了一个次年降雨记录,年龄不确定性为±6年,详细介绍了公元871年至1021年间的干旱事件.
- 干旱的时间被精确地确定,允许对人类气候相互作用进行详细分析.
- 包括奇琴伊扎和乌克斯马尔在内的北方主要玛雅遗址的政治活动,相对于已确定的干旱,呈现出不同程度的下降.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了高分辨率的古气候记录,对于了解玛雅人对气候压力的反应至关重要.
- 结果表明,在玛雅政体中,不同文化适应和对干旱事件的反应不同.
- 气候事件的精确约会阐明了环境变化和玛雅低地社会政治动态之间的复杂关系.
相关概念视频
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
11.0K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
11.0K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
26.3K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
26.3K
02:02Responses to Salt Stress
13.4K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
13.4K
01:50Global Climate Change
24.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.8K
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
13.8K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
13.8K
01:21Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions
134
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
134