在接种ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗后,2型糖尿病会影响SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫记忆
Swati Bhat1, Preetam Basak1, Shivani Verma1
1Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Vaccine
|August 13, 2025
概括
患有2型糖尿病 (T2D) 的人在接种COVID-19疫苗后表现出较弱的免疫反应,导致更多的突破性感染. 与健康对照人相比,他们的SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫力和B细胞记忆功能受损.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 接种疫苗对于控制COVID-19至关重要,但有突破性感染发生.
- 2型糖尿病 (T2D) 与免疫失调有关,可能会影响疫苗的疗效.
- 在T2D疫苗接种后,特征SARS-CoV-2免疫力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在T2D患者中 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗接种后评估SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫力.
- 为了将T2D个体的免疫反应与健康对照 (HC) 进行比较.
- 确定影响T2D疫苗有效性的免疫学差异.
主要方法:
- 招募了55名T2D和60名HC受试者进行免疫监测,直到接种疫苗后12个月.
- 测量了SARS-CoV-2表观特异性CD8+ T细胞,淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子 (TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β) 的情况.
- 评估了抗S抗体标位和B细胞种群 (记忆B细胞,血细胞,血细胞).
主要成果:
- 在T2D患者中,COVID-19突破性感染的发生率更高.
- 在T2D中观察到SARS-CoV-2特异性CD8+T细胞的频率较低,并减少了召回反应.
- 与HC相比,T2D在刺激时显示记忆B细胞减少和T细胞反应不那么强 (IFN-γ,TNF-α).
结论:
- 二型糖尿病患者表现出疫苗诱导的SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫记忆力受损.
- 健康对照人群表现出更平衡的亲和抗炎性免疫反应.
- 这些发现凸显了T2D中影响COVID-19疫苗有效性的免疫失调.
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